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Snake antivenom
Snake antivenom, (snake antivenin, snake antivenene) is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep. The host animal is hyperimmunized to one or more snake venoms, a process which creates an immunological response that produces large numbers of neutralizing antibodies against various components (toxins) of the venom. The antibodies are then collected from the host animal, and further processed into snake antivenom for the treatment of envenomation. Internationally, snake antivenoms must conform to the standards of Pharmacopoeia and the World Health Organization (WHO).
==Snake Venom==
Snake venoms are used in the production of snake antivenom as hyperimmunizing antigens. Snake venoms are complex substances that, depending on the species, can contain a variety of toxins. Toxin components can include proteases, nucleases, phosphodiesterases, and other enzymes which disrupt physiological processes and cellular integrity. The venom toxins are largely classified as neurotoxins, cytotoxins, myotoxins, and cardiotoxins. Venomous snake bites may cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, swelling, tissue necrosis, hypotension, neuromuscular collapse, blood clotting dysfunction, respiratory paralysis, kidney failure, coma and death.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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